Bankruptcy Fraud is a Federal Crime

Bankruptcy fraud is a federal felony that carries a sentence of up to five years in prison and/or a fine of up to $250,000. Some examples of bankruptcy fraud include concealing assets, intentionally filing false or incomplete forms, and providing false information while under oath. Often bankruptcy fraud is accompanied by other serious offenses like identity theft, mortgage fraud, tax fraud, or money laundering.

Bankruptcy fraud can become very complex and may involve the IRS or FBI. The penalty may involve many years of incarceration when coupled with other criminal charges. Other cases are relatively simple like a recent case in Pennsylvania:

A husband and wife were each sentenced to fifteen days in prison by U.S. Magistrate Judge J. Andrew Smyser in the Middle District of Pennsylvania after finding contempt of court for untruthful conduct in their joint bankruptcy case.

According to a press release issued by the U.S. Attorney's Office, Tammy Beecher and Wyatt Beecher filed a chapter 7 bankruptcy petition in May 2007. The filing stated that the Tammy Beecher had no income and that neither debtor operated a business within the previous six years. In fact, the Beechers owned a family business, "Fun 4 Kids Entertainment." Only after the Beecher’s were presented with a coupon for $5 off any party, and reminded by the chapter 7 trustee they signed the bankruptcy petition under penalty of perjury, did the Beecher’s admit that they owned and operated the business.

Bankruptcy fraud can be reported by ex-spouses, banks, and even your neighbors. The Executive Office of the United States Trustees (EOUST) recently launched an internet site that will allow the public to report suspected instances of bankruptcy fraud to the EOUST at http://www.usdoj.gov/ust/eo/fraud/index.htm.

The moral here is: tell your bankruptcy attorney everything. Your attorney can work with you to protect your assets and avoid criminal charges, but only if you tell all. The information you share with your attorney is shielded by attorney-client privilege, a powerful and time-honored protection. While your attorney cannot counsel or assist you in an illegal act, there are many legal options available in every case. If you are in over your head, speak with an attorney and understand your legal options.

The Perils of a DIY Bankruptcy

Federal law guarantees open access to the courts and permits self representation in lawsuits, including bankruptcy proceedings. However, the most important question is not “can you,” but “should you” represent yourself in a bankruptcy case.

Proceeding pro se (Latin meaning “for himself”) in a bankruptcy case is like navigating a mine field while blindfolded. Is it possible to be successful? Sure! Will your bankruptcy case blow up? Probably. Books and internet resources simply cannot substitute for competent legal advice. Below are a few reasons why a pro se bankruptcy is a bad idea:

Reason 1: The Federal Bankruptcy Code is complex.

Reason 2: The Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure are complex (and changing as of December 1, 2009).

Reason 3: The bankruptcy court’s local rules are complex.

Reason 4: The applicability of state law to federal bankruptcy law is complex, including state exemption laws, state criminal laws, and state collection laws.

Reason 5: The bankruptcy trustee will examine your case more closely since you are not represented by counsel. The trustee will likely put you at the end of the 341 meeting docket to have extra time to review your bankruptcy case and ask questions.

Reason 6: Most skilled bankruptcy attorneys will not step into the middle of a pro se case when things go wrong.

Reason 7: Are you really qualified to answer important questions, like: “When should you file?” “What chapter should you file?”

Reason 8: Most courts will not allow a pro se bankruptcy debtor to file documents electronically through the court’s internet ECF system.

Reason 9: You can be audited by a CPA firm selected by the Department of Justice.

Reason 10: Occasionally the pro se case is such a chaotic mess that the debtor is forced to dismiss the bankruptcy and later re-file with the assistance of an attorney. That’s two bankruptcies on your credit report for the price of one!

Reason 11: If you are reaffirming a debt, you must appear in open court and answer the bankruptcy judge’s questions.

The upside of representing yourself is saving a few dollars. The downside is a considerable risk to your property, your future finances, and, in extreme cases, your liberty. Don’t risk your families’ well-being! Let an experience bankruptcy attorney guide you through your bankruptcy case.

Call the Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA prior to filing a bankruptcy not after things have gone wrong in your case. We offer free consultations and reasonable fees that can be paid over time so there is no reason not to hire an attorney to represent you in your bankruptcy filing.

If you have gambling debt, tell your attorney and don’t lie!

There is a common myth that gambling debts cannot be discharged in bankruptcy. The truth is that gambling debts usually receive the same treatment as any other unsecured debt, like credit cards or medical bills. However, under some unusual circumstances, a bankruptcy court may find that a gambling debt cannot be discharged.

Gambling debts commonly appear as credit card charges or cash advances. An important factor in the discharge of this debt is whether there was an intent to repay the debt when the charge or advance was incurred. If the debtor had no intent to repay the obligation, the credit card company may object to the discharge of this debt on the basis of fraud. Courts have generally been reluctant to listen to this objection by a creditor unless there is strong evidence of fraud. For instance, a debtor who takes out a $10,000 cash advance at the casino, even though he is recently unemployed and overwhelmed by debt, and who files bankruptcy the next day will likely have the hall-marks of fraud.

Most gambling debts in bankruptcy are not as cut and dry as the above example. If the credit card company objects, the bankruptcy court will hold a hearing. The court may look to the debtor’s past credit card transactions, any attempt to repay the obligation, and the records and testimony of the debtor to determine the existence of a fraudulent intent.

All gambling losses must be disclosed by the debtor on the Statement of Financial Affairs. This disclosure is a mandatory requirement and the intentional failure to disclose this information may result in a finding that the gambling debt cannot be discharged, or worse, the court may deny any discharge in the case as a result of the debtor’s misrepresentation. It is particularly important to disclose recent gambling losses to your attorney prior to the filing of your bankruptcy case. Recent credit card charges or cash advances can be problematic to any bankruptcy case; and especially troublesome if related to gambling debt.

Bankruptcy courts can be very forgiving to the honest, although perhaps foolhardy debtor, and very unsympathetic to the dishonest. Honesty and full disclosure is especially important in a case involving gambling debts. Discuss these debts with your bankruptcy attorney and provide all the requested documentation. The success of your bankruptcy case depends on it!

How to Value Household Property in Bankruptcy

During bankruptcy a debtor is required to reveal all assets and give an estimated value of the property. When the asset is cash money or an investment, figuring its value is easy. In other cases nailing down a value can be very elusive. This is especially true when dealing with a unique or expensive household item. So how does the bankruptcy trustee expect the debtor to come up with a value for household property?

To understand how to value household property for bankruptcy purposes, it is important to understand the bankruptcy process. One of the chief functions of the bankruptcy trustee is to uncover assets for the benefit of creditors. Federal and state laws allow the debtor to keep certain modest items of household property that are considered “necessary,” like clothing and household items, but only up to a certain dollar amount. That amount is called an “exemption,” and that property is considered “exempt” and protected from a creditor’s collection remedies. Any property that is worth more than the allowed exemption amount is subject to be liquidated, usually at auction.

So the easy answer to how household property should be valued is, “At auction prices.” Since auction prices can vary, that doesn’t really answer the question at all. Instead, what most bankruptcy trustees suggest is to set a price like you would at a yard sale. Additionally, internet resources like eBay can be helpful to determine the quick-sale market value of a unique item. Using one of these on-line resources can provide good evidence that your new-in-box Barack Obama Chia Pet is only worth $20.00.

Many used household items, like common dinner dishes or bedding, have little or no value. On the other hand, a grandfather clock, piano, or gun safe usually has some value. A bankruptcy trustee is not in the used furniture business, and will usually incur significant costs in selling a debtor’s property. Consequently, the trustee will not be interested in your household property unless you own a non-exempt item that can be sold for a substantial profit to the bankruptcy estate.

As owner of your property, you are entitled to give an opinion regarding its value. It is important not to under-value or over-value your household property, but instead give a fair and reasonable estimate. If you own an expensive household, do some research and speak to your bankruptcy attorney. There are many ways to protect property in bankruptcy and your bankruptcy attorney can help you decide on the best course of action.

How Bankruptcy is Helping Businesses Recover! - Fairhope, AL, Pensacola, FL, Fort Walton Beach, FL, & Mobile, AL

As consumers venture out shopping for gifts this holiday season, many will be surprised by the number of stores that have gone out of business since last Christmas. Many shopping favorites have closed their stores for good, including Linens N’ Things, Goody’s, Mervyns, KB Toys, Sharper Image, and Circuit City. However, many stores like Circuit City and Linens N’ Things have filed a business bankruptcy, but are still selling on-line. This kind of restructuring through a business bankruptcy is not unusual in today’s economy. Shrewd businessmen like Donald Trump know the power of the federal bankruptcy laws. In fact, Mr. Trump has seen his businesses file, and emerge from, bankruptcy several times.

According to the Wall Street Journal, business bankruptcies are up 16% from last year, and number 74,832 filings through October. For many retailers, the holiday season is a make-or-break time of and will do what they can to attract shoppers. For instance, BusinessWeek reports that Sears, Amazon.com, and Wal-Mart are invoking Black Friday deals weeks before Thanksgiving and retailers are planning to offer more holiday promotions and discounts this holiday season.

The federal bankruptcy laws have helped retailers keep their stores open. Eddie Bauer and Mrs. Fields Cookies are two well-known businesses that recently filed chapter 11 bankruptcies to reorganize finances, get a breathing spell from creditors, and continue operating. Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code is a reorganization bankruptcy, usually used by a corporation or partnership. In a chapter 11 the debtor proposes a plan to keep its business alive and pay creditors over time. An individual can also file a chapter 11 bankruptcy, but usually opts for filing under chapter 13 or 7.

If you are struggling with bills you can’t pay, you are not alone. Many businesses and individuals are hurting during this recession period. The good news is that the federal bankruptcy laws have helped millions of individuals and businesses get back on their feet, and it can help you too! Speak with me and learn how you can get relief and a fresh start in your financial life. So go green and cut up the plastic.

With offices in Mobile, Fairhope, Pensacola & Fort Walton Beach bankruptcy attorney Erich M. Niederlehner has a location near you. Schedule your free consultation to see if bankruptcy might be right for your situation by calling 877-607-2228.

How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay On A Credit Report? Mobile, AL, Pensacola, FL, Fairhope, AL & Fort Walton Beach, FL

One of the principle aims of the U.S. bankruptcy laws is to give an honest debtor a "fresh start." It is important to know how bankruptcy will affect your financial life, during and after your bankruptcy case. An experienced bankruptcy attorney can guide you through the process, and get you the relief that you need, but what then? What happens after the bankruptcy court issues your discharge, your case closes, and your bankruptcy attorney sends you a nice letter wishing you well in the future? It is important to know what to expect after your bankruptcy ends, and how you can get that "fresh start."

There is actually quite a bit of confusion surrounding when a bankruptcy can no longer be reported on your credit report. Some sources say ten years, others say ten years for a chapter 7 and seven years for a chapter 13. The law is actually very clear. The Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA") directs credit reporting agencies to exclude bankruptcy case information from all consumer reports ten years after “the date of entry of the order for relief.” The FCRA does not distinguish between chapter 7 or chapter 13. However, many credit counselors cite an "unofficial policy" of the three largest credit reporting bureaus (Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax) that removes a chapter 13 filing from your credit report after seven years.

Many individuals (and some credit experts!) are also confused over when the FCRA's ten year bankruptcy clock starts. Some say the information must be removed ten years after the date of the discharge. Section 301 of the bankruptcy code states that the “order of relief” date is the filing date, so the ten year period is measured from the bankruptcy filing date, not the discharge date. Information about your bankruptcy must be removed from your credit report not later than ten years after the date you filed the case. If you file on January 1, 2010, the bankruptcy must be removed before January 1, 2020.

Knowing what to expect during and after your bankruptcy case can help you plan for the future. Do not be bashful about asking me, your bankruptcy attorney questions, and make the most of this fresh start opportunity.

With offices in Mobile, Fairhope, Pensacola & Fort Walton Beach bankruptcy attorney Erich M. Niederlehner has a location near you. Schedule your free consultation to see if bankruptcy might be right for your situation by calling 877-607-2228.

How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay On A Credit Report? Mobile, AL, Pensacola, FL, Fairhope, AL & Fort Walton Beach, FL

How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay On A Credit Report?

One of the principle aims of the U.S. bankruptcy laws is to give an honest debtor a "fresh start." It is important to know how bankruptcy will affect your financial life, during and after your bankruptcy case. An experienced bankruptcy attorney can guide you through the process, and get you the relief that you need, but what then? What happens after the bankruptcy court issues your discharge, your case closes, and your bankruptcy attorney sends you a nice letter wishing you well in the future? It is important to know what to expect after your bankruptcy ends, and how you can get that "fresh start."

There is actually quite a bit of confusion surrounding when a bankruptcy can no longer be reported on your credit report. Some sources say ten years, others say ten years for a chapter 7 and seven years for a chapter 13. The law is actually very clear. The Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA") directs credit reporting agencies to exclude bankruptcy case information from all consumer reports ten years after “the date of entry of the order for relief.” The FCRA does not distinguish between chapter 7 or chapter 13. However, many credit counselors cite an "unofficial policy" of the three largest credit reporting bureaus (Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax) that removes a chapter 13 filing from your credit report after seven years.

Many individuals (and some credit experts!) are also confused over when the FCRA's ten year bankruptcy clock starts. Some say the information must be removed ten years after the date of the discharge. Section 301 of the bankruptcy code states that the “order of relief” date is the filing date, so the ten year period is measured from the bankruptcy filing date, not the discharge date. Information about your bankruptcy must be removed from your credit report not later than ten years after the date you filed the case. If you file on January 1, 2010, the bankruptcy must be removed before January 1, 2020.

Knowing what to expect during and after your bankruptcy case can help you plan for the future. Do not be bashful about asking me, your bankruptcy attorney questions, and make the most of this fresh start opportunity.

With offices in Mobile, Fairhope, Pensacola & Fort Walton Beach bankruptcy attorney Erich M. Niederlehner has a location near you. Schedule your free consultation to see if bankruptcy might be right for your situation by calling 877-607-2228.

Credit Card Study Finds Widespread Unfair and Deceptive Practices By Lenders - Pensacola Bankruptcy Attorney, Mobile Bankruptcy, Fairhope & Ft Walton

A study released October 28, 2009, by the Pew Charitable Trust found that that 100% of credit cards offered online by the twelve leading U.S. banks engage in practices that the Federal Reserve has defined as “unfair or deceptive.” The study examined the terms of almost 400 credit cards advertised by banks and credit unions in July 2009 and December 2008.

The federal Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD) Act, which is being implemented in stages, requires banks to eliminate unfair and deceptive practices such as “universal default” or raising rates based on a missed payment to another lender. Some of the new regulations are already in effect; others are scheduled to begin Feb. 22, 2010.

Even though the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate to near zero to encourage lending by banks, the study found that credit card rates have actually increased over the past year. Bank of America had the largest percentage increase, rising from 14.99% to 18.24% for its highest rate card. Ironically, it appears that this increase in interest rates has been in some part caused by the passage of the CARD Act, which bars rate increases without a 45-day notification. To reduce risk under this the CARD Act, banks have raised rates before this part of the Act takes effect in February.

The study concluded that these rising rates makes credit cards a potentially dangerous part of most Americans’ financial lives. If credit card debt has become a danger to your financial well-being, you should consult with a qualified bankruptcy attorney and discover the cure. Don’t rely on Congress or the beneficence of the credit card industry to make your debt disappear. Take matters into your own hand, and discharge these unscrupulous lenders from your life once and for all.

The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA has 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation or self schedule your own appointment online at our website.

Rebuilding After Bankruptcy - Pensacola, Mobile, Fairhope & Fort Walton Beach

Congress has said that one aim of a consumer bankruptcy is to give the debtor a fresh start. Congress and the bankruptcy courts provide a specific process for eliminating debt, but offer no guidance when it comes to rebuilding your financial life after a bankruptcy. Fortunately, the rebuilding process is not difficult, but it does require some time and effort.

Immediately after your case closes (usually soon after the discharge order is issued), you should obtain a copy of your credit report. Federal law states that you are entitled to one free copy of your credit report every twelve months. The "big three" credit reporting bureaus (Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion) have established a web site for obtaining these reports free of charge: www.annualcreditreport.com

Once you have obtained one free credit report from each credit reporting bureau, review each report for errors. All of the credit bureaus have simple instructions for contesting erroneous information on your report. The debts that were discharged by your bankruptcy should be listed as "Discharged in Bankruptcy" with a "Zero Balance." These discharged debts should reflect no activity after the date of your bankruptcy filing. After the credit bureau updates its records, it will send you a new credit report. Review this new report for errors. You may need to repeat the process once or twice before your report is finally accurate. Remember, your credit report is only as good as the information the credit reporting bureau receives. It is your responsibility to ensure that it has accurate information. It is also wise to check your credit report at least twice each year to prevent fraud and erroneous reporting.

Once you have corrected your credit report, it is time to rebuild your credit score. Your credit score is a number that lenders use to estimate risk, and is made up of several aspects. Approximately 1/3 of your score is based on your payment history; 1/3 is your available credit; and 1/3 is various items like types of credit and length of credit history. Unfortunately, immediately after a bankruptcy most credit scores are terrible. The best way to rebuild a credit score is to start a new, responsible history of managing credit. Since approximately 1/3 of a credit score is based on payment history, many individuals have found that they can quickly rebuild by making on-time payments to a secured credit card or small bank loan (that may require a co-signor). On-time payments to a secured debt, such as a home mortgage or auto loan, will also improve your score.

One word of caution: avoid negative reports at all costs! A thirty day late will significantly harm your rebuilding efforts, as will a collection account or any other derogatory report. If you begin having difficulty, speak with the creditor immediately and make payment arrangements. The road to financial recovery takes persistence and some patience. However, if you follow the above steps, you will see steady improvement each month.

I would also invite you to go to our website at www.ShouldIFileForBankruptcy.com, and use our totally free credit score predictor feature. Using this new feature will allow you to obtain your current credit score, and then your projected score for a year after filing for bankruptcy.

The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA has 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation or self schedule your own appointment online at our website.

Congress has designated us a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. Main office is in Pensacola, Florida. No attorney client relationship is established by using this website.

Home Mortgage Cramdown is Back in the News

Earlier this year a bill that would have given bankruptcy judges the authority to modify home mortgages was soundly defeated in the Senate after intensive lobbying by the financial industry. After the defeat Sen. Dick Durbin said of the bank lobbying effort, “Frankly, they own the place.”

Six months later, it is apparent that legislation designed to encourage home loan modification between lender and home owner is impotent. The “Home Affordable Program (HAMP)” and the 2008 HUD “Hope for Homeowners” are voluntary programs that have proven too costly and cumbersome to be effective. The Huffington Post recently characterized the situation this way:

“The Obama administration had high hopes for the law Congress passed intended to encourage mortgage modifications. The law is all carrot, however, and no stick. Cramdown is the stick. If banks think they could get hit in bankruptcy court, they're more likely to bargain.”

Rising unemployment rates and mounting home foreclosures are putting new pressures on Congress to do something. Some lawmakers are revisiting the idea of bankruptcy cramdown to encourage voluntary modification by lenders, or to enable forced modification by the bankruptcy courts. Passage of this cramdown legislation would give Federal bankruptcy judges the authority to modify bankruptcy debtors’ mortgage contracts by lengthening terms, cutting mortgage rates, or reducing loan balances. The current bankruptcy law allows modification of some contracts, but not home loans.

House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank (D-Mass.) has announced his intent to push for legislation giving bankruptcy judges the authority to modify home mortgages. The Huffington Post reports that Frank has met with key members of the Senate Banking Committee who are ready to make a serious push at major financial regulatory reform before the year was out.

If you are behind on your mortgage and experiencing difficulty with your lender, consult an experienced bankruptcy attorney for advice. There are many options available to homeowners, and new opportunities are developing, but quick action is still vital to your chances for a positive result. Take control of your situation by learning your rights and legal options. The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA has 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation.

Congress has designated us a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. Main office is in Pensacola, Florida. No attorney client relationship is established by using this website.

The Elderly, Debt and Bankruptcy

Many older Americans struggle each month to pay credit card debt with a modest income. Often paying unsecured debt is a tremendous burden and requires a sacrifice of basic necessities. Sometimes the elderly conserve utilities, or cut back on food, or forgo prescription medication to pay credit card companies.

The subject of bankruptcy is especially difficult for elderly people who may cling to preconceptions that are out-dated or otherwise incorrect. There have been many changes in the laws that protect an elderly person’s ability to meet basic monthly living expenses. Many retirement accounts and social security income are protected from creditor garnishment. Additionally, elder Americans are often judgment proof, meaning all income and assets are protected from creditors. Unfortunately, many older Americans fail to take advantage of these protections because they believe they can honor their obligations by paying minimum payments each month. The sad truth is that it often takes decades to pay off a credit card by making minimum payments.

The stress and worry over repaying unsecured debt can cause health issues for young and old. A great deal of this stress and worry can be alleviated by choosing a feasible plan to either pay or discharge this unsecured debt. Bankruptcy is one tactic for managing unsecured debt and for reorganizing an elderly person’s finances. An experienced bankruptcy attorney can explain your options and provide solutions for living on a fixed income. Don’t let credit card debt turn “the golden years” to rust.

The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA, is more than willing to help elderly Americans through difficult financial times. Many times the elderly do not need to file bankruptcy, but often choose to do so to stop all the collection calls and harassment. We have 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation. Congress has designated us a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. Main office is in Pensacola, Florida. No attorneyclient relationship is established by using this
website.

Bankruptcy By The Numbers - Surprising Bankruptcy Statistics

American author Mark Twain was fond of saying, "There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics." While it is important to scrutinize any statistic with a healthy dose of skepticism, bankruptcy statistics can help attorneys, courts, creditors, and even debtors understand who is filing bankruptcy and the reasons.

Today’s post will examine some bankruptcy statistics from a major study of bankruptcy debtors by Harvard Professor Elizabeth Warren entitled The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt. This study found some surprising statistics:

● the average age of a bankruptcy filer is 38
● couples filing jointly make-up 44% of all bankruptcy filings. 30% of the filers are women filing bankruptcy alone, and 26% of the bankruptcy filers are men filing alone
● most bankruptcy filers are slightly better educated than the general population
● two out of three bankruptcy filers have lost a job
● half of all bankruptcy filers have experienced a serious health problem
● 91% of bankruptcy filers have suffered a job loss, medical event or divorce
● 40% of bankruptcies result from medical crises, unemployment or divorces
● 90% of these filers have two car payments, a house payment, and an average of $2500 in credit card debt
● 10% of filers were delinquent only 5 to 29 days before bankruptcy

In 2008 there were 1,074,225 consumer bankruptcy filings. For the second straight year, Tennessee had the overall highest per capita rate of filings, with 7.65 filings per 1,000 residents. Put another way, that’s one-and-a-half people out of 200, per year.

While these bankruptcy statistics are enlightening and even useful, no two bankruptcy cases are the same. Unfortunately, some firms take a “one size fits all” approach to bankruptcy. If you are experiencing financial difficulty, seek out a qualified bankruptcy attorney to explain your rights and treat your case with the care and attention you need and deserve. Don’t be treated like just another statistic.

The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA has 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation. Congress has designated us a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. Main office is in Pensacola, Florida. No attorney client relationship is established by using this website.

Got Debt? The Consequences of Ignoring your Debts

I recently read a newspaper advice column written by a Certified Financial Planner who suggested that, as a practical matter, there is no difference between ignoring your credit card debt and filing bankruptcy. Well, let’s look at the “practical effects” of ignoring your credit card debt:

First, ignoring credit card obligations will cause a persistent series of harassing telephone calls and letters from credit card companies, collection agencies, and finally law firms. Phone calls are systematically made to the debtor’s home and work, and sometimes to third parties including neighbors, extended family, and your employer. The agencies that collect credit card debt are experts at telephone harassment – it is one of their most important weapons.

Bankruptcy, on the other hand, stops all collection calls.

Second, your credit score will be ruined on a continuing basis. For each month that a credit card goes unpaid, the creditor will report negatively to the credit reporting bureau. Additionally, collection agencies will often further harm your credit score by “resetting” the date of last activity when the account is transferred to a new collector.

Bankruptcy stops all negative reporting. Discharged debts should be identified as “Discharged in Bankruptcy” with a zero balance. The debtor’s credit report and score can begin to recover from the date of the bankruptcy discharge.

Third, you can (and will) be sued. The typical consumer will undoubtedly lose a lawsuit over a legitimate debt. The resulting judgment may include substantial penalties, interest, court fees, and attorney fees. A judgment creditor can collect from your wages, your property, and your bank account. While there are some people who are judgment proof, they are the exception and not the norm. Most people have assets that a judgment creditor can attack.

Bankruptcy prevents all lawsuits and even stops collection actions from judgment creditors.

Many consumer advocates have likened credit card debt to an illness. Like any illness, the cure is not found in ignoring the problem, which will only make things worse. If you are sick from credit cards and are unable to pay your debts, consult with a bankruptcy attorney and find the cure! At the Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA we encourge you to take control of your financial future, ignoring your problems will not make them go away. So if you have mounting credit card debt - Go Green! Cut up the plastic.

The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA has 4 convenient locations in Mobile, Pensacola, Fairhope and Fort Walton Beach. Please call toll free 877-607-2228 to schedule a free consultation. Congress has designated us a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. Main office is in Pensacola, Florida. No attorney client relationship is established by using this website.

Why a Preference Payment is a Bad Thing?

When we were children a preference was a good thing, such as: I prefer Johnny on my team for kickball; or my preference is chocolate ice cream. In the bankruptcy world a preference payment is a bad thing. A preference payment is a transfer of money by a debtor, on account of a pre-existing debt, that is made while the debtor is insolvent, and gives the creditor more than it would receive from the liquidation of the debtor's assets during a chapter 7.

The idea behind a preference payment is that the debtor chose to pay a certain creditor instead of other creditors – the debtor “preferred” this creditor. Preference payments are unfair to the debtor’s other creditors, and, if the transaction took place within 90 days, the bankruptcy trustee can compel the turnover of this preference payment to the bankruptcy estate for equal distribution to all creditors. And there is one other important caveat to preference payments: if the payment is made to an “insider,” then the avoidance period is one year. An “insider” is a generally a relative, business partner, etc. who has a special relationship with the debtor.

A common preference payment scenario is a payment by the debtor to a family member on account of a previous debt. For example: Mary borrows $3,000 from her mother to help pay bills. In March Mary receives her income tax refund and repays her mother the $3,000. Mary files bankruptcy in May, and doesn’t tell her bankruptcy attorney about the March payment. The trustee learns of the payment while examining the debtor’s bank statements and sues Mary’s mother to recover the $3,000 for the bankruptcy estate.

This awful situation for Mary and her mother can be easily avoided. First, do not withhold information from your attorney. Second, provide your attorney with any requested documents. Third, do not pay any creditor (or relative) without first consulting with your attorney. Cooperating with your attorney can ensure that your bankruptcy case is preference-free.

New Fairhope, Alabama Office Location

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The Law Office of Erich M. Niederlehner, PA is growing yet again. We have opened a new office in Fairhope, Alabama on Hwy. 181. The exact address is 19973-B, State Highway 181
Fairhope, AL 36532. This makes our second office in Alabama. The an office in Fairhope should provide convenient access for everyone in Bladwin County who is experience financial troubles and would like more information about bankruptcy and how it may help their situation.

Chapter 13 Co-Debtor Stay?

The “Co-Debtor Stay,” also known as the “Co-Debtor Automatic Stay,” is a feature of a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy designed to protect a debtor by insulating him from indirect pressures from his creditors exerted through friends or relatives. The Co-Debtor Stay stops all collection actions against any individual who is obligated on a consumer debt owed by the debtor. The Co-Debtor Stay continues until the Chapter 13 case has concluded.

The Co-Debtor Stay is not a direct protection intended for the co-debtor. The debtor’s Chapter 13 Bankruptcy will not discharge the co-debtor’s responsibilities to the creditor. It will, however, prevent collection action by the creditor against the co-debtor (e.g. lien perfection or even adverse notation on the co-debtor’s credit report) during the pendency of the Chapter 13 case.

The Co-Debtor Stay does not prohibit collection on a debt incurred in the ordinary course of business by the debtor. Additionally, tax debt is generally not considered a consumer debt. It is important to note that the Co-Debtor Stay does not apply at all to Chapter 7 Bankruptcy cases.

The Co-Debtor Stay is effective immediately upon the filing of the debtor’s Chapter 13 petition and continues until the case is closed, dismissed, or converted to Chapter 7 or 11. The Bankruptcy Court can also modify or terminate the Co-Debtor Stay upon the motion of a creditor. The creditor may be successful in this type of motion if the codebtor received "consideration" for the debt (e.g. you cosigned a car loan for your brother, who actually owns the car), if the debtor’s Chapter 13 plan proposes to not pay the debt, or if the creditor's interests would be irreparably harmed by continuation of the Co-Debtor Stay.

A knowing violation of the Co-Debtor Stay is contempt of court and punishable by damages, including attorney's fees. Any collection action taken by a creditor in violation of the co-debtor stay is void.

The Co-Debtor Stay is a powerful tool to prevent collection action in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. If you are contemplating a bankruptcy filing and have co-debtors, consult with an experienced bankruptcy attorney. An experienced bankruptcy attorney can explain your options and work with you to find the best result.

Passing the Means Test

The Means Test is a formula designed to identify debtors that can afford to pay some of their unsecured debts (for instance, credit card debt) and encourage repayment of these debts through a Chapter 13 repayment plan. Debtors that “fail” the Means Test are disqualified from filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

The Means Test is actually two tests. The first part of determines whether your current monthly income is less than your state’s median income for a household of your size. The current state median income figures can be found at the U.S. Trustee’s website: http://www.usdoj.gov/ust/eo/bapcpa/meanstesting.htm

If your family’s income is less than your state’s median income for a family of your size, you PASS the Means Test. There is no other testing and you can proceed with a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

If your family’s income is more than your state’s median income, you must complete the Means Test worksheet to calculate if you have (or should have) money to repay unsecured creditors. In the end if you are able to pay a significant portion of your unsecured debt, you will FAIL the Means Test and cannot file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

The truth is that very few debtors fail the Means Test. Many debtors earn significant incomes and still qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Debtors with large monthly secured debt payments (e.g. house, car) often pass the Means Test as there is no extra money at the end of the month to pay unsecured creditors.

If you are contemplating a bankruptcy filing, it is in your best interest to consult with an experienced bankruptcy attorney as soon as practical. The Means Test is a new and complex feature of the bankruptcy laws, and, consequently, its application and interpretation varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. By examining your case early, a skilled bankruptcy attorney can identify whether you are able to pass the Means Test now or in the future.

What Is Chapter 13 Bankruptcy?

A chapter 13 bankruptcy is also called a “reorganization plan” or a “wage earner's plan.” A debtor who files a chapter 13 bankruptcy intends to repay all or part of her debts in installments to creditors over three to five years. The individual’s repayment plan term cannot exceed five years.

There are a number of advantages that chapter 13 affords to debtors. The most significant is the ability to stop a home foreclosure and force the creditor to accept payments for any delinquent mortgage payments. The bankruptcy automatic stay stops foreclosure proceedings immediately upon the debtor’s bankruptcy filing with the court. However, this temporary relief may be lost if the debtor fails to make the regular mortgage payments that come due after the chapter 13 filing.

Another advantage of chapter 13 bankruptcy is that a debtor may modify a secured loan and repay it over the plan term. This usually lowers the monthly payment. In certain circumstances the debtor can also “cram-down” the secured loan by stripping away the unsecured portion of a debt. For example, a debtor may owe $20,000 on a car that is only worth $10,000. Chapter 13 may allow the debtor to modify this loan and only pay the creditor the value of the car, or $10,000. There are special qualifying rules for this type of modification, so be sure to discuss your situation with your attorney.

Within 15 days of the filing of the chapter 13 bankruptcy petition, the debtor must file a proposed repayment plan with the court. The plan is also sent to the U.S. trustee and all creditors for review and opportunity to object. The plan must provide for regular fixed payments to the trustee who then distributes the funds to creditors according to the terms of the plan (which may be less than full payment on their claims). It is common for a chapter 13 plan to propose to pay secured creditors in full and nothing to unsecured creditors. This largely depends on whether there is “extra” money at the end of the month after the debtor’s secured creditors and monthly expenses are paid.

Occasionally circumstances change after confirmation of the chapter 13 plan that prevents the debtor from completing the repayment plan. The debtor may ask the court to allow the debtor to modify the plan, or to grant a “hardship discharge” and end the case early. Otherwise, at the end of the three to five year repayment period the court will discharge the debtor’s remaining debts that are not “non-dischargeable” by law. The chapter 13 bankruptcy discharge prevents those creditors from seeking payment from the debtor.

If you are over-burdened with secured debts and are in need of relief, consult with an experienced bankruptcy attorney about your rights under chapter 13 of the bankruptcy code.